Elon Musk, the world’s wealthiest man and a vocal critic of illegal immigration, has described his own immigration experience in ways that spark questions. Standing near the US-Mexico border in 2023, Musk emphasized his support for legal immigration, calling for “a greatly expanded legal immigration system.” Yet, he also stressed the need for limitations, stating, “We should not be allowing people in the country if they’re breaking the law. The law’s there for a reason.”
As the 2024 presidential election approaches, Musk’s stance on immigration has become increasingly influential. Since his acquisition of Twitter (now X) in 2022, Musk has used the platform to amplify his views, often supporting conspiracy theories accusing the Biden administration of welcoming undocumented immigrants for political gain. With over 195 million followers, his opinions carry significant weight.
While Musk publicly critiques illegal immigration, his own path to the United States has a complicated history that includes “gray areas.” Musk’s younger brother, Kimbal, has mentioned that they were “illegal immigrants” during the early days of their startup, Zip2, in the 1990s. This revelation raises questions about Musk’s immigration status at the time.
In 1995, Elon Musk moved to Palo Alto, California, intending to start a Ph.D. program at Stanford. However, he soon abandoned his studies to focus on founding a startup with Kimbal. According to Kimbal Musk, during a 2013 conference, the brothers lived frugally, even sleeping at their office to save on rent. But it wasn’t until 1996, when investors provided a $3 million cash infusion, that they realized the brothers’ immigration status. “When they did fund us, they realized that we were illegal immigrants,” Kimbal Musk said. Elon Musk quickly interrupted, “I’d say it was a gray area.”
Musk’s ambiguous response leaves room for interpretation, and despite multiple biographies, the specifics of his visa status during the startup phase remain unclear. Elon Musk has publicly mentioned that becoming a U.S. citizen was a “Kafkaesque nightmare,” and in 2002, after a decade of residing in the U.S., he was finally granted citizenship.
I’d say it was a gray area.
Elon Musk’s response in 2013 when his brother, Kimbal, said during an interview that they were both “illegal immigrants” during the early days of their startup
The Musk brothers’ situation is not uncommon, according to immigration attorney Charles Kuck. “There are no gray areas in immigration,” Kuck explained, adding that people either break the law or avoid getting caught. Jennifer Minear, former president of the American Immigration Lawyers Association, echoed this sentiment, noting, “It sounds like there was a little bit of wonkiness in his past with immigration.”
Elon Musk’s immigration story is further complicated by student visa regulations that are strict about off-campus work. While Musk described his status as a student in the U.S., it’s unclear how his visa allowed him to navigate the startup world without breaking any immigration laws.
Despite these questions, immigration experts acknowledge that Musk’s contributions to the U.S. economy reflect the value of immigrants. Jennifer Minear pointed out, “The fact that he had any difficulty at all in getting to where he is because of immigration barriers … is a poor reflection on our current system.” Similarly, Rajshree Agarwal, an expert on immigration and entrepreneurship, highlighted the impact of Musk’s success on the U.S., questioning how different things would have been if Musk had been forced to follow the typical immigration channels.
When you speak out against other people’s immigration journey, then yours become subject to scrutiny.
Charles Kuck, Atlanta immigration attorney
Musk’s evolving views on immigration are a subject of significant public discourse, particularly as he amplifies his stance online. His frequent posts on X, including conspiracy theories and claims about undocumented immigrants, continue to influence the conversation. While critics argue that Musk’s opinions are misleading and potentially harmful, supporters praise him for drawing attention to issues they believe are ignored.
The complexities of Elon Musk’s immigration experience and his current advocacy for stricter border control provide a nuanced view of how immigration laws can impact entrepreneurs and shape national conversations.
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